Terminology / Helicopter Aerodynamics Ground Effect When operating near the ground, induced drag is reduced and lift vector becomes more vertical due to the reduced induced flow velocity. The vortex ring becomes smaller. Hovering can be sustained with smaller power. It is required less than one rotor diameter and a hard, smooth, flat surface. Source: The Way to a Certificate of Helicopter, http://home.att.ne.jp/gamma/fujiwara/index-e.htm

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